Using the Spanish Preposition Sobre

Using the Spanish Preposition Sobre Like many Spanish prepositions, sobre can be used in a variety of ways that dont seem to have any logical connection. One of the more common Spanish prepositions, sobre can be the equivalent of the English prepositions on, about, or over, among others. In some cases, it can help to know that sobre comes from the Latin super-, which, among other things, functioned as a preposition meaning above or beyond. But while a few of the uses of sobre have clearly related meanings, not all do. Be aware that sobre also can function as a masculine noun meaning envelope, packet, or, in informal usage, bed.) Most Common Ways in Which Sobre Is Used Nearly all the time, sobre is used in one of the following ways: Sobre as a Preposition of Location Sobre is often used to indicate that something is on top or or above something. In some such situations, sobre can be used more or less interchangeably with the preposition en. There usually isnt much significant difference, for example, between sobre la mesa and en la mesa, which both can be translated as on the table. Other times, over is a more suitable translation, such as when sobre means above. Coloca una pierna ​sobre el piso. (Place your knee on the floor.)La distribucià ³n correcta de la presià ³n del cuerpo sobre la silla es esencial para el confort. (The correct distribution of the bodys weight over the chair is essential for comfort.)Una lluvia de astillas volà ³ sobre el coche. (A shower of splinters flew onto the car.)Si pudieras volar sobre el ojo del huracn, al mirar hacia abajo verà ­as claramente la superficie del mar o la tierra. (If you could fly over the eye of the hurricane, upon looking down you would clearly see the surface of the sea or Earth.) Sobre Meaning ‘About,’ ‘Concerning,’ or ‘On the Subject Of’ When sobre is used to describe that something concerns or is about a subject, it functions in the same way that de can. In these situations, sobre is usually more formal than de. About is nearly always a good translation, although others such as of are possible. Ésta es la primera edicià ³n sobre un libro sobre nuestra mà ºsica popular. (This is the first edition of a book about our popular music.)Pelà © presenta documental sobre su vida en Nueva York. (Pelà © is presenting a documentary about his life in New York.) ¿Quà © piensas sobre el uso de los antibià ³ticos? (What do you think about using the antibiotics?) Using Sobre To Indicate Superiority or Influence Sobre often can translate over when it is used to indicate superiority in matters of influence or control. El uso del bus triunfa sobre el coche entre los universitarios. (Among university students, the use of buses triumphs over the use of cars.)La industria de salud posee una enorme influencia sobre las polà ­ticas de salud. (The health industry has a great influence over the politics of health.)Me es repugnante la dominacià ³n de un sexo sobre el otro. (The domination of one sex over the other is repugnant to me.) Sobre in Time Approximations Sobre is frequently used in time expressions to indicate that the time given is approximate. The English translations about or around are often used. Sobre is less commonly used in other types of approximations, such as for physical measurements. Sobre las seis de la tarde volvimos al hotel. (We are arriving at the hotel at about 6 in the evening.)Sobre 1940 el mercado de la ciencia ficcià ³n comenzà ³ a subir de nuevo. (Around 1940 the market for science fiction began to grow again.)La tormenta pasar sobre el mediodà ­a de este sbado. (The storm will pass through around noon on this Saturday.)Esperamos olas de sobre cuatro metros de altura. (We are hoping for waves about four meters high.) Sobre for Motion Around Sobre can be used to indicate rotation around an axis. About and around are the most common translations. El planeta gira sobre su eje una vez cada 58,7 dà ­as. (The planet rotates around its axis once each 58.7 days.)La Tierra rota sobre un eje imaginario que pasa a travà ©s de sus polos. (The Earth rotates about an imaginary axis which passes between its two poles.) Key Takeaways The Spanish preposition sobre is common, but it cant be translated by any single English preposition.One common meaning of sobre is to indicate that something is on top or above something else.Another common use of sobre is to indicate the subject that something else, such as a book, is about.

11 Beautiful Blue Gemstones You Need to See

Beautiful Blue Gemstones You Need to See SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Out ofall the rainbow of colors gemstones can come in, blue gemstones are the most popular.There are a huge variety of blue gems, from delicate pale aquato richly saturated dark blue.Some stones are pure blue, while others include shades of violet, green, white, or gold. This guide explores of the most popular and beautiful gemstones. Each of these blue gemstones includes a chart with important characteristics,as well as average prices for each gemstone, how it is used in jewelry, and how it'sunique from other blue gemstones. If you are interested inpurchasing a blue gemstone or jewelry that includes a blue gemstone but aren't sure which type of stone to buy, our guide will helpyou easily compare different blue stones. At the end of this guide, there is also a section on how to choose the bestblue gemstone for you. The Blue Gemstones Agate Aquamarine Azurite Benitoite Blue Diamond Lapis Lazuli Sapphire Tanzanite Blue Topaz Tourmaline Turquoise 6 Key Gemstone Terms, Defined Before jumping into the different blue stones, let's clarify some of the key criteria used to assess gemstones. Criteria 1: Diaphaneity Also known as transparency, diaphaneity describes how light interacts with the surface of a material. There are three types of interactions. Transparent: Light can enter and exit the material (such asglass). Translucent: Light can enter and exit, but it gets distorted passing through the material (such asparchment paper). Opaque: Light cannot penetrate the surface (such aswood). Criteria 2:Hardness The harder a gemstone is, the less susceptible it is to damage.The Mohs scale measures mineral hardness on a scale of 1-10. Gemstones with a hardness of about 7.0 or less are often not recommended to be worn daily because of the high possibility of them getting scratched or otherwise damaged. Criteria 3: Specific Gravity Specific gravity measures the relative density of a gemstone. A one carat gemstone with a higher specific gravity will be slightly smaller than a one carat gemstone with a lower specific gravity. Criteria 4: Refractive Index Refractive index measures how light passes through a material. Gemstones with a higher refractive index appear more brilliant and â€Å"sparkly† than those with lower refractive indexes. Most gemstones have refractive indexes between 1.5 and 1.7. A refractive index above 2.0 is rare and seen only in a handful of gemstones. Criteria 5: Luster Luster refers to how a gemstone appears when light hits it. There are multiple categories of luster. The ones mentioned in this guide are: Adamantine: Mirror-like appearance; highest degree of luster Dull: Reflects little light, but can be enhanced by polishing Resinous: Appearance of resin or plastic Vitreous: Glass-like Waxy: Resembles wax Criteria 6: Price per Carat A carat refers to 20mg of a stone.For each gemstone, average price can vary widely depending on the quality and cut of the gem, but rough averages are given so you can get a senseof how expensive one stone is compared to the others.Price is based on cut and polished gems, not rough gems. Agate Color Range All shades of blue, often with other colors included Diaphaneity Translucent Mohs Scale Hardness 6.5-7 Specific Gravity 2.66 Refractive Index 1.53-1.54 Luster Waxy Average Price per Carat $0.50-$25 Agate, a banded form of the mineral chalcedony, comes in a variety of a variety of vivid colors, including the full spectrum of blue. These colors can be either natural or enhanced with dyes. Because of the potential variation in banding and color, agate has some of the widest variation from one stone to another seen inany mineral. You could purchase ten pieces of agate, and they could all look completely different from one another. Agate is also one of the cheapest gemstones on this list, and agate jewelry is often very reasonably priced.It is most common for agate stones to be used as pendants for necklaces since large pendantsincludemore bands of color than smaller pieces of agate would. Where it’s found: Agate is very abundant and found all over the world. What sets it apart: Its vivid bands often comprisinga variety of colors. Aquamarine Color Range Very light to dark blue, often with greenish hues Diaphaneity Transparent to translucent Mohs Scale Hardness 7.0-8.0 Specific Gravity 2.72 Refractive Index 1.57-1.58 Luster Vitreous to resinous Average Price per Carat $10-$500 Aquamarine prices can vary widely depending on the size and quality of the stone. As with most blue gemstones, stones that are a darker, more vivid blue are generally more expensive (and rarer) than light blue stones. Aquamarine is a popular gemstone and is used in many types of jewelry, although rings are often the most popular way for them to be set. Aquamarine is also the birthstone for the month of March, which helps contribute to its popularity.Aquamarine is often found in large crystals which makes it possible for large stones to be cut, polished, and set into jewelry or purchased by collectors. The largest gem-quality aquamarine ever discovered weighed over 240 pounds. Where it’s found: Most aquamarine is mined in Brazil, with other large deposits found in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. What sets it apart: Aquamarine stones are often highly transparent, causing them to catch a lot of light and sparkle more than other stones. Azurite Color Range Deep blue Diaphaneity Transparent to Translucent Mohs Scale Hardness 3.5-4.0 Specific Gravity 3.7-3.8 Refractive Index 1.73-1.84 Luster Vitreous or dull Average Price per Carat $10-$100 Azurite is known for its deep blue, azure color. As opposed to many other blue gemstones, azurite rarely needs to undergo treatment to enhance its color.Due to its vivid color, azurite has been used as a pigment for hundreds of years. As opposed to many other blue gemstones, azurite is not faceted. Instead, it is cut and polished into pieces known as cabochons. When put in jewelry, azurite is often combined with deep green malachite. The two minerals are often found in the same deposit. As one of the softer stones, azurite jewelry must be handled with care, or the stones must be placed in settings that protect them from bumps and scrapes. Over time, azurite’s deep blue color can fade to green; all azurite jewelry should be safely stored away from sunlight and drafts, preferably in a closed jewelry box. Where it’s found: Azurite is one of the rarer blue stones, but significant deposits have been found in the USA, France, and Namibia. What sets it apart: It’s deep azure color. Benitoite Color Range Medium to dark blue or violet Diaphaneity Transparent to Translucent Mohs Scale Hardness 6.0-6.5 Specific Gravity 3.64 Refractive Index 1.76-1.80 Luster Vitreous Average Price per Carat $250-$5000 Benitoite is one of the world’s rarest gemstones, found in just one place in the world.Benitoite has one of the highest dispersion ratings of all gemstones, including diamond. Dispersion rating measures the ability to take white light and disperse it to other colors of the spectrum. This gives benitoite its characteristic brilliance and fire. When used in jewelry, benitoite stones tend to be small due to both their high price and the rarity of the gemstone. Where it’s found: San Benito County, California What sets it apart: It’s rarity and natural â€Å"fire†. Blue Diamond Color Range Pale to dark blue Diaphaneity Transparent Mohs Scale Hardness 10.0 Specific Gravity 3.52 Refractive Index 2.42 Luster Adamantine Average Price per Carat Treated: $1,500-$,500 Naturally Colored: $10,000 -$100,000+ Diamond is most famous as a colorless stone, but blue diamonds can be created by treating clear diamonds. Also, deposits of naturally blue diamonds have been found, but they are very rare.Blue diamonds often have a light blue color, often with a greenish tint. Diamond is the hardest natural material on earth, and it also has one of the highest refractive indexes of all gemstones.Blue diamondsare nearly impossibleto damage and can therefore be used in all types of jewelry. Diamonds are one of the most expensive gemstones, and blue diamonds can command even higher prices than regular diamonds because of their rarity and the treatment required to enhance their color. Naturally blue diamonds, because they are so rare, are significantly pricier than comparable colorless diamonds. Where it’s found: Diamonds are found worldwide, with large mines in Russia, Western Australia, and Southern Africa. What sets it apart: It’s hardness, high refractive index, and brilliant adamantine luster. Lapis Lazuli Color Range Medium-deep blue, often with white and gold mottling Diaphaneity Semi-translucent to opaque Mohs Scale Hardness 5.0-5.5 Specific Gravity 2.75 Refractive Index 1.50 Luster Dull Average Price per Carat $1-$50 In contrast to the other gemstones on this list, lapis lazuli is not a mineral. Instead, it’s a rock composed of multiple minerals including lazurite, calcite, and sparkling pyrite flecks.Since antiquity, lapis lazuli has been used for jewelry and as a dye. On the famous funeral mask of Tutankhamun, the eyebrows were made of lapis lazuli. Lapis lazuli stones are often cut into cabochons and beads to be used in bracelets, necklaces, and pendants. Some pieces are also ornately carved and then used in jewelry. Where it’s found: Lapis lazuli is found in numerous countries, but Afghanistan is the world’s leading source of the stone. What sets it apart: The contrast between the deep blue stone and sparkling golden flecks often found in lapis lazuli. Sapphire Color Range Deep blue, occasionallyclear and light blue Diaphaneity Transparent to opaque Mohs Scale Hardness 9.0 Specific Gravity 4.00 Refractive Index 1.76-1.77 Luster Vitreous to adamantine Average Price per Carat $500-$5000 Sapphire is the world’s most popular blue gemstone,beloved for its deep blue color and resistance to damage. Theyare also one of the mooreexpensive gemstones on this list. Sapphires with a more vivid, saturated blue color are more expensive than paler stones, and heat treatment is sometimes used to enhance the color of a sapphire. Sapphires that have deeply saturated color without any heat treament are significantly more expensive than sapphires that have undergone heat treatment. Sapphires are widely used in all types jewelry, and, because of their durability, wearers do not have to worry about damaging the stone. Sapphire stones also often have high clarity and a brilliant cut, enhancing their sparkle. One of the most famous pieces of sapphire jewelry is the engagement ring of Diana, Princess of Wales, now worn by Kate Middleton. The ring features a 12-carat sapphire surrounded by diamonds. Where it’s found: Sapphires are found throughout the world. The three most famous countriesfor sapphire mining are Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Pakistan. What sets it apart: It’s durability and brilliance. Tanzanite Color Range Pale to dark blue, violet Diaphaneity Transparent Mohs Scale Hardness 6.5 Specific Gravity 3.30 Refractive Index 1.69-1.70 Luster Vitreous Average Price per Carat $75-$1500 Tanzanite is one of the most newly-discovered gemstones; the single deposit was only discovered in 1967.Since then, however; tanzanite has achieved widespread popularity due to its deep blue and violet coloring.Deep blue and bluish violet tanzanite stones are the most desired (and expensive) form of the stone, but tanzanite can also come in pale hues. Most tanzanite undergoes heat treatment to deepen its blue color. Tanzanite is often used as a less expensive alternative to similarly-colored sapphire. However, tanzanite’s low degree of hardness makes it susceptible to damage, so it is often set in pendants and earrings, which are prone to fewerbumps than bracelets and rings. Tanzanite is one of the rarer gems, and some people expect deposits to run out in several decades. Because of this, tanzanite prices are expected to rise in the future. Where it’s found: Tanzanite is found at a single site, in the northern hills of Tanzania. What sets it apart: One of the most affordable deep-blue gemstones. Blue Topaz Color Range Pale to dark blue, also comes in other colors Diaphaneity Translucent to transparent Mohs Scale Hardness 8.0 Specific Gravity 3.53 Refractive Index 1.62-1.64 Luster Vitreous Average Price per Carat $5-$25 Topaz has one of the widest color ranges of any gemstone, with blue being one of the most commoncolors. Topaz’s blue color rarely occurs naturally; the stone is almost always treated to turn it blue or deepen its blue color.Additionally, topaz is pleochroic, meaning it can appear different colors depending on the direction you’re looking at it. Topaz forms some of the largest crystals of any gemstone. Brazilian deposits are particularly large, and topaz crystals have been discovered that weigh over 500 pounds and are the size of boulders. Topaz is one of the leastexpensive blue gemstones and this, coupled with its naturally large crystals, make it possible for large topaz stones to be set in jewelry at affordable prices.After topaz has been faceted, it can take such a high polish that the stone is slippery to the touch. Where it’s found: Topaz is an abundant gemstone and found in numerous countries. Significant deposits are in Brazil, Utah, and the Ural Mountains of Russia. What sets it apart: Low price and high polish. Tourmaline Color Range Light to dark blue, as well as violet-blue and greenish-blue Diaphaneity Transparent to opaque Mohs Scale Hardness 7.0-7.5 Specific Gravity 3.06 Refractive Index 1.62-1.64 Luster Vitreous Average Price per Carat Paraà ­ba: $150-$16,000 Other varieties: $5-$500 Tourmaline has one of the widest color ranges of any gemstone, and blue tourmaline can range from pale aqua to deep azure and nearly every hue in between.The most famous variety of blue tourmaline is Paraà ­ba Tourmaline(pictured above),which can come in vivid shades of blue, violet-blue, or greenish-blue not found naturally in other tourmaline stones. Paraà ­ba Tourmaline is very rare, soits prices are much higher than other varieties of tourmaline.On rare occasions, blue tourmaline also includes a cat’s eye, where light reflects off the stone in a way that resembles the slit eye of a cat. Tourmaline is used in a wide variety of jewelry, and blue tourmaline stones are often set with tourmaline of other colors for contrast and variety. Where it’s found: Paraà ­ba Tourmaline is found in Paraà ­ba, Brazil, and other forms of blue tourmaline are found in multiple sites around the world. What sets it apart: Its wide range of colors that cover nearly the entire blue spectrum. Turquoise Color Range Light-medium blue and blue-green Diaphaneity Opaque Mohs Scale Hardness 5.0-6.0 Specific Gravity 1.61-1.65 Refractive Index 2.73 Luster Waxy to subvitreous Average Price per Carat $5-$500 One of the oldest stones used for jewelry, turquoise has long been prized for its vivid sky blue and blue-green color, often highlighted by an attractive spiderweb of dark veins across the stone. Turquoise doesn’t have the sparkle and clarity of many other blue stones, but its rich color haskept it popular for centuries.When used in jewelry, turquoise is often formed into cabochons or beads. Because it’s a relatively soft stone, it can also be intricately carved for pendants and other jewelry pieces. Where it’s found:There are significant deposits in the Middle East, USA, and China. What sets it apart: It’s opaque blue-green color. How to Pick the Perfect Blue Gemstone Eachof the blue stonesabove has attractive and unique characteristics, but which one is best for you? There are fourcriteria to consider when choosing a gemstone: Price This will likely be the most important factor in picking a blue gem. You may love sapphires but don't want to spend several thousand dollars on a high-quality piece of sapphire jewelry. Browse the price ranges listed for each of the blue stones, keeping in mind that price can vary significantly depending on the size, cut, and quality of a stone. Also, if you're interested in a specific stone that's out of your price range, there are often less expensive but similar-looking alternatives. Tanzanite is often used as a substitute for sapphire, and many aquamarines have a light blue color similar to blue diamonds. If you have your heart set on a specific gemstone, you may be able to find a price within your budget by looking at smaller stones or stones with minor blemishes or discolorations (these are often very difficult or impossible to see with the naked eye). A jeweler can explain the finer points of gemstone pricing if you want more information. Color Blue gemstones come in a wide range of colors, from pale aquasto rich dark blues. Even if you think you already know the colors a particular gemstone comes in, take a look at the color ranges listed above. Many gemstones come in a wider range of colors than you might have expected. Sapphires, for example, are famous for their velvety blue color, but they can also occur in lighter shades of blue. You may be interested in a pure blue stone or a blue gemstone with shades of other colors, such as green or violet. Hardness A gemstone's hardness is another important factor to think about. You should not purchase a piece of jewelry with agemstone that hasa hardness of less than 7.0 if you plan on wearing the jewelry daily because the stone could become scratched or cracked. (An exception is if the stone has been placed in a special setting to protect it from damage.) So, for jewelry like bracelets and rings, that often get bumped, choose a stone with a higher hardness, like sapphire or blue topaz, or only wear the jewelry on special occasions. Softer stones set into earrings or necklaces can be worn more frequently, but you should still be careful to avoid damaging them. Jewelry Types Some gemstones are frequently used in the same types of jewelry. Agate, for example, is often used in necklace pendants, while sapphire's brilliant sparkle and high price mean a single stone is often set into a ring.If you're looking for a particular type of jewelry, you may want to choose a gemstone that's often used for those pieces.

Modern Economical Landscape of Philippines Essay

Modern Economical Landscape of Philippines - Essay Example It is marred with corruption, political dynasties, red tape, and nepotism. Investors shy away from the country due to the difficulty of doing business there. As a result, the local economy suffered where unemployment is high subjecting many of its population to abject poverty. Also, many of its best brightest minds left the country to work and migrated overseas (Rappler.com). At present, this flaw in the political and economic infrastructure of the Philippines is not yet corrected as the remittances of its Overseas Foreign Workers are still the biggest contributor to its economy. The second issue why the economy of the Philippines is not strong is because it does not have its own industrial and technological backbone. Its economic base consists merely of business processing units and assembly plants which are primarily owned by the foreign enterprise. These enterprises can leave anytime exposing the vulnerability of the Philippine economy. My two recommendations for the Philippines for the Philippine economy to become prosperous 50 years from now are to reform its political system and build its own industrial and technological base. It can reform its political system by prosecuting corrupt officials and passing into laws that will democratize its political systems such as banning political dynasties and nepotism. Its recent prosecution of corrupt officials under the former President Macapagal Arroyo supports this recommendation as investor’s confidence increased. Investment flourished amid a global crisis. During the period 2011-13 when the global economy is slowing down, the Philippines registered a GNP of 7.2% which is considered as one of the highest in the world (NCSB).  

Is Wind Power Green Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Is Wind Power Green - Research Paper Example On the other hand, fossil oil is not green. Fossil oil produces carbon monoxide (the motor vehicles’ intoxicating exhaust fumes). Fossil oil pollutes the earth’s atmosphere. Fossil oil suffocates the lungs of city residents. Fossil oil destroys life. Green power comes from several sources. First, solar energy comes from maximizing the suns’ energy. Solar panels can convert the sun’s energy to electrical energy. Second, geothermal energy, comes from hot springs. Another source of geothermal energy is the volcanic heat escaping the earth’s internal areas. Third, Ethanol energy comes from grain alcohol. Ethanol is extracted from corn, barley, sugarcane another sugar-based feedstock. Fourth, wind energy comes from windmills and tall free standing turbines. Historically, windmills have been used in Holland for generate energy. Also, the use of green wind energy creates eliminates the hazards and pollution of fossil fuel-based energy. Sidney Borowitz (199 9) emphasized â€Å"Fossil fuels are the remains of organic matter that, over hundreds of millions of years, have undergone substantial physical changes induced by pressure and chemical changes caused by the action of bacteria. The fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas. They provide the United States with about 90 percent of the energy it uses. This energy was originally provided by the sun, which made it possible for the plants to grow.† In terms of wind energy, Borowitz (1999) reiterated â€Å"Fossil fuels are the remains of organic matter that, over hundreds of millions of years, have undergone substantial physical changes induced by pressure and chemical changes caused by the action of bacteria. The fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas. They provide the United States with about 90 percent of the energy it uses. This energy was originally provided by the sun, which made it possible for the plants to grow†. Using coal will damage the earth’s envir onment. Borowitz (1999) insists coal is the most abundant fossil fuel on earth. Coal creates the biggest damage on the environment. Burning coal creates polluting smoke. The polluting smoke makes breathing difficult. The polluting smoke damages the Ozone layer. Wind energy reduces the air pollution trend in major cities of the United States. Judith Cherni (2002) states the concentration of industrial manufacturing plants’ exhausts immensely contributes to the atmosphere’s pollution. The air pollution significantly derails the average person’s health. Different air pollutant types exert different degrees of health damage to the people. The degree or concentration of the pollutants generates various effects on the average county resident. To reduce the current air pollution trends, the states’ air pollution policies must be effectively and deficiently revised and set into immediate motion. Likewise, a research conducted by Cornelis Van Kooten (2009) shows t hat the earth’s wind energy supplies potential research shows that the world’s wind energy supply potential influentially surpasses the world’s energy needs. However, only one percent of the world’s electricity need is presently supplied by the green wind power. The fact is true even though there is an almost fifty percent yearly growth in the wind producing capabilities over the past twenty five years. Almost 100 percent of the entire green wind energy had been

Formation of Corporations and Stocks Essay Example for Free

Formation of Corporations and Stocks Essay * Why does a company choose to form as a corporation? What are the steps required to become a corporation? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the corporate form of doing business? Corporations are created in order to separate the businesses finances from the person’s individual finances so that they can protect themselves financially. The advantages of forming a corporation are that the business can obtain the credibility so that consumers are more comfortable. Since consumers normally prefers to do business with a corporation. Also by forming a corporation the person protects their assets and name by forming a corporation. The disadvantages are that the process is lengthy and pricey. Also corporations often end up paying more in taxes. Corporations are also monitored very closely and must be in compliance with several entities. * Why is preferred stock referred to as preferred? What are some of the features added to preferred stock that make it more attractive to investors? Would you select preferred stock or common stock as an investment? Why? Preferred stock is considered preferred because it has dividend preference over common stock. Preferred stockholders have the right to receive dividends before common stockholders. The per share dividend amount is stated as a percentage of the preferred stocks per value or as a specified amount. Preferred stockholders must ne paid their annual dividend plus any dividends in arrears before common stockholders receive any dividends. I would select referred stock over common stock because I want to get paid as quickly as possible. * What are the different types of dividends corporations may issue? When should a corporation pay dividends? Do you prefer a stock dividend or a cash dividend? Why There are four types of dividends: 1. cash dividends, 2. property dividends, 3. scrip (note), and 4. stock dividends. A corporation should pay dividends when it has retained earning, adequate cash, and a declaration of dividends. I would prefer a cash dividend. If the corporation issues stock, they are not having to spend actual cash. I want to be reassured that the business actually has my money. I have seen it too many times where huge corporations lie and cheat on paper. I also do not really like the stock market and never have been good at buying, selling, or owning stock.

Validity of Names in Machiavelli’s Prince and Simone de Beauvoir’s Second Sex :: Machiavelli Prince Essays

Validity of Names in Machiavelli’s Prince and Simone de Beauvoir’s Second Sex  Ã‚   People often drop names to assure the achievement of whatever goal it is they are trying to achieve. This tactic works especially well in business, but it can also work in argument. Names of influential people have influential affects. â€Å"I know Don Corleone,† would certainly have gotten nearly anything done in Mario Puzo’s The Godfather. Both Simone de Beauvoir and Niccolà ² Machiavelli used the names of well-known people to add a sense of importance and truth to what it was they were saying. Their choice of names is very similar. They both chose fabled heroes, past and present political figures and fictional powers to help their work gain value. However, they differ in a subtle way. The names are used much like a recipe uses measurements: one part politics to two parts fiction. This ratio adds a different tone to each argument, which also helps to get the author’s, de Beauvoir or Machiavelli’s, point across.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex, there are many references made to true, verifiable sources. Granted that she makes use of nearly all possible spectrums of existence in terms of beings she chooses to cite, there is an underlying tone of definite truth in her work. She cites these people in packs and lists, using context to categorize her groups. â€Å"Some isolated individuals – Sappho [c. 610-c. 580 b.c.], Christine de Pisan [1364-1431], Mary Wollstonecraft [1759-1997], Olympe de Gouges [1748-1793] – have protested against the harshness of their destiny,† (de Beauvoir). â€Å"Joan of Arc (1412-1431), Mme Jeanne-Marie Roland (1759-1793), Flora Tristan (1803-1844)†¦Figures important for their political or revolutionary activity,† (Jacobus: footnote, p 179). In the first case, we see a list of four sure-fire sources, all of whom â€Å"protested against the harshness of their destiny.† We find out later in the work that these four people were all authors. In the second case, we see true-life people, all of whom were some how politically involved. De Beauvoir hits us with a rapid-fire bombardment of undeniable truths. When she uses a fictitious character, however, it is usually alone. â€Å"The suicide of Lucretia has had value only as a symbol,† (de Beauvoir). Here we see a not-so verifiable citation. It is alone in the text, an island surrounded by a sea of de Beauvoir’s own words. This name is by itself.

Europe in World History Essay

Early Modern Europe is the term used to refer to a part of the history of Europe which began in 1648 following the last days of the Treaty of Westphalia and Thirty Years War. The war started due to some religious reasons. On the other hand, during the course of war, the battle focused on a political struggle between the states surrounding the Holy Roman Empire (Eusanz Organization, 2002). What was involved initially was the Austrian Habsburgs because of religious reasons supporting the Catholic side. On the other hand, there was an intervention on the part of Sweden on the Protestant side. France, then, which was a Catholic monarchy, went against Austria for political reasons. However, in the Treaty of Westphalia, the priorities of the powers were not religious but purely political in nature. France or Austria were not able to put up with each other, so these two nations decided to keep a historically fragmented division of the HRE in a number of weak and small states (Eusanz Organization, 2002). The only way to create peace between these powers was a balance of power. All three powerful states in Europe have origins in the feudal system. Feudal aristocracies exercised political power. Modernization and the progressions involved with it gave birth to a class of merchants and craftsmen which became a part of the middle class. The members of the middle class became active in trade which led to surplus increase. The role that the middle class played was in each of the state. They were scattered along the areas of Amsterdam, London and Paris which were bases of economic growth. Of the three locations, Paris had experienced the least degree of modernization, and Amsterdam the most. By the 17th century, Amsterdam had replaced Antwerp as the leading commercial city of Europe, reflecting the leading role that the Dutch had taken in commerce, shipbuilding, fishing and overseas exploration. London, the major seaport serving England’s commerce, was also prominent because of extensive trading contacts with the Lowlands dating back to medieval times, whereas Paris had become significant primarily as the political center of France rather than for commercial reasons. All these explain how the history of Europe alone has changed the history of the world as a whole (Eusanz Organization, 2002). Europe’s role in world history has always been an issue to scholars and especially to historians who always claim to put Europe it a place where it should rightfully be. Another even in the history of Europe was its landmass. The landmass of Europe alone already has a major role in world history. The Afro-Eurasian landmass, coming from South East Asia to North Africa covered various civilizations for 5,000 years which were all home to either pastoral nomadism or agrarian empires. China, India, Kushan Empire, Parthian Empire and the Roman Empire all dominated Eurasia. There were a lot of re-configurations which led to the Roman Empire adapting Christianity, the expansion of Islam, collapse of Persia and China being conquered by the Tang Dynasty. The role of Europe in these developments was that it stood as a frontier society. Christianized and Romanized barbarians constituted Europe during these times. Europe was even quarantined due to the fact that it did not succumb to the major trends of Buddhism’s intellectual advances and Islamic civilization (except for Spain). Along with the transformation of the other neighboring nations came Europe being a new creation itself. When Charlemagne was crowned, it was the sign of European civilization, which mirrored the sign of Islamic civilization when Muhammed finally preached Islam. The history of Europe clearly shows that it constantly expanded all throughout the years. Expansion definitely succeeded when the North East and Spain was conquered. Byzantium Empire was destroyed and Ottoman invasion began. Europe was also successful at developing its culture without the influence of other external factors because it was able to get away with Mongol’s worst excesses. Europe, unlike other countries, was not a successful and rich civilization during these years when it comes to achievements. Then again, Europe was able to expand when Little Ice Age and the Black Death ended. In terms of market and trade, Europe got some resources from India and China. European countries wanted to get into Eurasia’s trading network. It can not be denied the Europe had a small population during those times. Then again, its power was still very enormous. It has a big impact on world history, let its cultural patterns alone when it comes to politics. Secular politics was very well understood by Europe. European civilization deviated from the norms established by Eurasia. These are just among the many proofs that Europe played an important role in world history just by standing on its own and not allowing itself to be influenced by other nations. These factors made Europe a significant head start over other nations in the world. In fact, a lot of societies in the world today have derived its systems, be it economic or political, from the civilization of Europe. These societies were quickly able to approach the time when the investment’s marginal returns justified the expenditure that was continuously expanding. It can not be denied that the complexity level in Europe was high and was once proved to be unsustainable, but this didn’t keep Europe from achieving all the things it has achieved. The history of Europe was not always smooth. At time, it was not topsy-turvy and people suffered a lot, too. Then again, such case is not unique to Europe. Other civilizations in the world had been through the same dilemma, and others, even worse, especially the major ones. However, the situations and the history of European civilization alone make it a unique country from all the others. Its history made its achievements different from the others. There had been wars, and it doesn’t matter who won or lost. After all, the people who say negative things about European civilization are the same people who are claiming the rich heritage Europe has to offer.

Comparing Gods and Goddesses Essay

Years ago, women did not have much power as they do now. Women sat back and took orders from their husbands. Whatever is asking of them to do the women would have to carry out the order with no feedback and nobody jesters. Women were more humble to men and they listened and believed whatever men told them. All women knew how to do was to be a homemaker. Women did not have a problem with staying home cooking, cleaning, ironing, and taking care of the children. Women kept everything in order at home. The one thing women did not do in the home years ago was keep track of the bills. The men did the bill back then, because they were the ones bringing home the money. When it came to spending any money for the house or for the children, the man was in charge. Women were to let the men know what was needed and they will go out and get it. Today women are different; Women are more attractive and keep themselves up. Women do not stay at home and take care of the children. The women today work, go to school, take care the children, and the home. The men today are taking the back seat. The women are in control. In some households, the women are telling the men what to do. The women today have power. To the children the women can fix anything. The men sometimes have the same thoughts. Many look up to the women. The women can heal the sick and feed the hungry and cloth the naked with very little money. Zeus a Greek God had a daughter by the name of Athena. Athena was the Greek Goddess of wisdom. She is fair, strong and very merciful to all. Athena was independent and didn’t rely on anyone. She was also known as one of the three virgin goddesses. Athena was the type of women who didn’t worry about being romanced by a male. She wasn’t concerned with marriage either. To refer back to today’s culture; Athena is what you call a, â€Å"career woman. † She was always busy doing something. The modern women today are all work and no play. Greek goddess by the name of Artemis was as strong as an ox. She doesn’t need a male to protect her. Artemis is the defender and guardian of all women in childbirth. She also loves the wilderness. So she protects those women too. Artemis dislikes men because they are of no use to her. She isn’t interested in getting married either because she feels that it takes away from a women’s freedom. So Artemis is very close to her female friends. They walk the forest together all the time. Unlike Athena, Artemis doesn’t really care to deal with the city life. She would rather be in the wilderness with the animals. Even though Artemis disliked men, she allowed the young boys to come and learn new things at her sanctuary. So she wasn’t as bad as the people thought she was. She was just a strong minded woman who loved nature. She loved being outdoors. Artemis is a great defender to all. Unlike Artemis, Athena wore a helmet and walked around holding a shield. She was rational and very intelligent. She was wise and a peacemaker. She is powerful and strong like Artemis. She defends her people in war but is also a peacemaker. Artemis is young and beautiful and wears leaves to cover her body. She doesn’t cover her legs. The costume that she wears could possibly cause problems with the Greek gods because of the way it looks. She feels that her costume represents sacrificed animals. It could represent breast and fruits also. But goddess’s views were very different from the Gods. Gods are usually described in terms of the various sociopolitical roles that they fulfill. † The function of the god myths are to explain phenomena to fasten a culture, record and pass on historical events, set example for people, and set behavior standards for generation to follow. Natural phenomena’s like thunder, lightening, miracles, and seasonal changes are all associated with god myths. God myths explain these phenomena’s that people find hard to understand. For example, the Myth Persephone and Hades started by the Greeks to explain winter and why it happens. Myths of the gods and are also created and function as explanations for happenings after death occurrences of certain miracles, and the creation of the Earth. Function of myth is to justify and validate the ritual practices and cultic celebrations. At time myth are also etiological in its function, in trying to explain the causes of certain customs and practices or how a particular name of the place originated. In traditional societies myth has an educational value, it was used to introduce or stress a particular moral value. People needing to believe is a common element in all society if you get people to believe in what you are saying the will follow. Myth by nature depicts a time period that is usually a remote past, in which gods and goddesses are the chief characters. A myth usually points to an unknown transcendental reality in symbolic form. It has a tremendous psychological impact on the listeners as it makes the listeners almost believe that those things really happened. Religious people have sacred narratives, call myths, which explain how things got the way they are. Proverbs and legends escribe wisdom and phenomenal exploits â€Å"in ordinary, profane time,† myths portray the work of spiritual power in arranging the existing order â€Å"in primordial, sacred time’ (Loewen 1969b, 150). National myths describe how tribes and nations came into being. Deity myths recount relationships between humanity and divinity: Spirit myths depict the origin and functions of lower spiritual beings. Sickness myths reveal ancient sources and causes of illness. Cosmic myths describe the origin and cause of catastrophic events, such as earthquakes, lightning, thunder, drought, rain, and eclipses. Describe the elements and function of god myth just depends on the cultures and what they have been told to believe. Just like us as human we are taught to believe what we have been taught from generation to generation from our ancestor something are believable and something’s just are not but they are not question. God is often portrayed like a person who is outside us. He controls the world from outside like a king controls his subjects. He is often called Superman who moves the earth and the heaven. God is in control of the female and male divine culture. The female and male divine possess different elements and functions starting in early era of time and carried in today’s era. The male is considered the stronger, aggressive, masculine and brutish image. The female is cunningly, not weak with an inner strength voice that speaks to her soul. The male divine is the protector of the house, the provider, and control the needs of the household. The male divine only cater to his needs and not respect the female desires. The early eras of life the female was expect to stay at home and take care of the house, children, and male and not enter the working world. Society today has changed whereas the female is working and supporting the family needs and stills mange the household. Although society has continued to change the male divine found switching the roles play by staying at home and supporting the family needs. The role play has impact a different outlook on life in the male divine. Technically the female and male divine is different hormones, brains functions, and the heritance of traits from family heritage. The female is strong minded in varies subject and aspect that affects the controlling of the household. The male divine still does not grip the concept that the female divine is powerful and put here to help support the male divine in every aspect of life. Female divine are to walk beside and not behind the male. The both female and male are difference in appearance that how the attraction for each other beginning. The outer appearance attracts male to female leading to companionship. The male looks to the females to ease the discomfort with compassion, understanding, stroking the bad feeling to make it better but the opinion of the female seem unimportant to male at the first sign of the situation. Yet the male has to make a step backward to say the female opinion is right. The male ego is a huge quest for the male to let down his guards. The female and male divine continues to live in harmony and depend on the different ideas and opinion that each possess and strive for completeness. When the male and female learns to share, communicate, listen, and willingness to share the solution of all concerns coming up with right decision as one. Female and male should not be in competition for seeing who the better person is. Throughout history the elements and function has not change for the female and male divine it just seem to adapt along with society principles of what society anticipate. Female and male divine has many elements and functions to help stay focus on the various barriers of life by adapting to society changing society. Finally, the male and the female divine share the same functions. They both are in authority to give orders, and many people look up to them both. They know life will bring different kinds for issues to endure, but they are willing to go throw and handle them with the proper approach. The male and the female divine are just alike concerning their children, and being there for their children. If mom is not available, the child will turn to their dad. The male and the female are valued. They are both beautiful people with values and power they both share. They give and take orders from each other, and other people. They both share a desire to love one another, and the male divine loves beautiful, smart women can stand on her on and fix life-changing problems. The woman wants the same values in a man. The elements and functions shared by the female and the male are on going from generations to generation.

Socialism and an American Utopia essays

Socialism and an American Utopia essays A dreamer is someone who believes in things being better than the way they are, being perfect. Not many people have sub-par dreams. A politician is someone who seeks for personal or partisan gain. If you take a politician and a little bit of a dreamer and mix them together, you get a person such as Jane Addams or Edward Bellamy. They both believed that American society could achieve a greater degree of democratic equality and social justice. Both of them tried to make their dream come true by influencing society in different ways. They both had two different ideas about the ways and the result of this so-called "American Utopia." Above all Addams believed that each person had an ability to contribute to society and that if society did not give them a proper chance to develop their skills, human life would go to ruin. Her political views are very simple to understand. She was a socialist. Dictionary.com defines socialism as any of various theories or systems of social organization in which the means of producing and distributing goods is owned collectively or by a centralized government that often plans and controls the economy. It also defines it as the stage in Marxist-Leninist theory intermediate between capitalism and communism, in which collective ownership of the economy under the dictatorship of the proletariat has not yet been successfully achieved. She is not only a women's rights activist, Nobel peace prize winner, distinguished public orator, but also a politician with an unrealistic dream. Socialism will not and can not work or survive in America. Many political science majors, as well as others, believe Socialism is a proper replacement for, what they refer to as, a democratic capitalism because that is what many believe. Many people equate capitalism with democracy but it's not true. I would refer to it as a mix of Capitalism, just because our society is built on material items which cost capital, and Darwinian Democra...

The New SAT What You Need to Know

The New SAT What You Need to Know The New SAT: What You Need to Know Originally called the â€Å"Scholastic Aptitude Test,† the SAT is a standardized test used for college admissions in the US. Understanding the SAT is therefore essential for anyone looking to enroll at a US college. However, starting this month (or May 2016 for international students), the SAT has changed. And if you’re thinking of applying to college this year, you’ll need to know the difference. Main Changes In terms of structure, the new SAT still focuses on math and English skills, but with an ‘evidence-based reading and writing’ section replacing the separate writing and critical reading components of the old test. The essay component is now also optional and scored separately, rather than compulsory. Old SAT New SAT 1. Critical reading 2. Writing 3. Math 4. Essay 1. Evidence-based reading and writing 2. Math 3. Essay (optional) On top of these structural differences, some of the main changes include: Scores will now be given on a 1600 point scale (800 for math; 800 for reading/writing) instead of the old 2400 point scale Incorrect answers will no longer be penalized on multiple-choice questions Less focus on obscure vocabulary, more on understanding words in context and evidence-based reasoning Math component now only permits use of a calculator on some sections Preparing for the New SAT Since this new SAT differs significantly from the old one, it’s vital to prepare accordingly. This might involve: Learning the New Test Format The simplest and most important thing you can do before sitting the new SAT is learning exactly how it has changed; knowing the general structure and format of the SAT will allow you to focus your revision and ensures you won’t be surprised when the test day arrives. Honing Your Critical Reading The new SAT focuses more on evidencing your claims, critical analysis and understanding information in context (rather than answering sentence completion questions). This makes it essential to work on your reading skills as well as your vocabulary. Taking a Practice Test As ever with exams, the best way to prepare is taking a practice paper. For the new test, your best option is the Khan Academy Official SAT Practice site.

Theories of motivation in competitive sport Essay

Theories of motivation in competitive sport - Essay Example One of the main aims and focus of all people involved in competitive sports is the ability to motivate the athletes. This has been a major focused issue as in a competitive game, the only things that separates the competitors is the motivation that they have. There are a number of different techniques and skills used by both the athletes and the coaches to motivate the individuals and to perform better in the competitions. There have been a number of motivational techniques used by coaches to ensure that the individual performance is optimum and there have also been a number of researches that have been conducted in the field of sports psychology which has been mainly to discover the motivation techniques and secrets for better performance of the athletes. All the theories that have been developed over the years have been focused on several aspects of the individuals like the initiation, influence and also the modification of behavior. Several theories in the earlier times like those by Freud 1923 / 1962, Skinner 1953 / 1971, and also Hull 1943, highlighted a few factors and dealt with the deterministic aspects of the factors alone. For instance, Freud dealt with the instinctual drives, while Hull dealt with physiological drives and Skinner the environmental drives. These theories have proved to be very successful over the years; however there have been a number of criticism and concerns that have also been put forth in the past. The theories deal with the individuals in a method which states them to be passive beings and are those affected highly by the physiology and environment which leads their performance. However with time and with time and over the several researches that have been conducted, there have also been a number of different views and suggestions that have been developed by White, 1959. White proposed that people are more driven by the competent and effectiveness of their skills.