Aspects of English Language

Aspects of English Language The language is the collection of symbols and rules for combining the symbols, which can express and infinite variety of messages. In the definition, language separate to three criteria. First is language is symbolic which known as the use of symbols such in spoken or written words to express ideas to the world. The second is language is generative which define as the capability to produce many different messages by combining symbols in different ways. The third language as structured which mean following grammatical rules and produce grammatical sentences. Besides the criteria, language has three aspects such as grammar, meaning and sounds. Three Aspects of Language Grammar is known as a set of rules for producing correct sentences in a language. Meaning is known as semantic understanding of sentences but is not necessary grammatically correct. Meaning of words can represent by breaking them into morphemes which is known as small units of meanings. Morphemes include stem words, prefixes and suffixes. For example word unfairly which has stem word as fair adding of prefix un and suffix ly and these morphemes produces changes in word stem. Each of morphemes contributes the different meaning for the words. The sounds are also very important in language. Its produce the phonemes to understand the spoken sentences. In hierarchical organization when producing sentences people will make error in speaking or slip of the tongue. The errors also can divide into word errors, morphemes errors and phoneme errors. There are other types errors occur in the linguistic such as word exchange, morpheme exchange and phoneme exchange. Word exchange is an error in whi ch two linguistic units are substituted for each other during sentence production. For example buying mother for my fruits rather than buying fruits for my mother. The morpheme exchange is known as error in which two morphemes are substituted for each other during sentence production. For example, sentence like speakly loud rather than speak loudly. Finally, phoneme exchange is known as an error in which two phonemes are substituted for each other during sentence production. For example, twit nower for twin tower. Psychology and Grammar Psychologists are interest to study how people learn to speak in grammatically correct sentences. Phrase structure grammar can define as a set of rules for partitioning a sentence into its grammatical units and it has 3 rules. The first is partitions the sentence into noun phrase followed by verb phrase. The second rule is states that the noun phrase can be partitioned into a determiner followed by a noun. The third rule states that the verb phrase can be partitioned into a verb followed by noun phrase, which is again broken down into a determiner and a noun. But Chomsky (1965) found that the phrase structure grammar does not explain how sentences can be modified to form of similar meaning. Later it came up with transformational grammar which known as a set of rules for transforming a sentence into a closely related sentence. For example, how we change an active statement into a passive statement. Besides that, words can be grammatical clues. The relation between meaning and grammar is important because producing a grammatical sentence does not make the sentence will be meaningful. The meaning of words sometimes provides hints as to grammatical phrases will come next in sentences. Many words have more than one meaning but this would not confuse us. The context in which the word appears gives information about which meaning is appropriate. Carpenter and Danemans (1981) general model of the stages involved in the sentence comprehension. The first stage is as fixate and encode the next word and then second stage is retrieving the meanings of words. The third step is try to integrate retrieved concepts with prior context and the fourth step is seeing whether it has integration been successfully completed for at least one concept. If the integration is successful, the process encodes next code and if not successful, we try to recover the error. Using Semantic Context in Sentence Comprehension The word recognition is often facilitated by the semantic context. Sometimes, people face difficulties in recognizing a word when reading the illegible handwriting and they rely on the surrounding words and sentences to help us identify the illegible word. People also select the meaning of ambiguous words by looking context of sentences. In resolving ambiguities, good readers those who are active in working memory able to interpret of an ambiguous word and quickly select the suitable meaning when they receive a clarifying context. Interpreting phrases is to produce syntactic and semantic representations of a sentence and relate the sentence to prior knowledge. For example, when people heard phrase a business man and they might have few interpretation like have luxury cars, a big bangle and rich with money. Implication of Sentences Comprehension is considering how people understand sentences in which the information asserted directly. But, using language can imply something without directly. In Courtroom testimony, implications can influence not only how a witness responds to questions but also helps the jury to remember about testimony of witness. The implication without telling the original meaning of something can find advertising. Some advertisement tells the problems face by customer and show their product as solution. So that people then understand how the product functioning. Literature Review Title: Investigating the role of language in childrens early educational outcomes From: Sue Roulstone, Judy Clegg Tim Paters (2010) Children develop their language skill at 2 years old. Their communication environments influence mainly their language development. The communication environments are the context where the children improve their language for example, interaction or activity with child and parent, playing with others, television program and others. In childhood period most children develop their speech and language skills with less effort. Roulston, Clegg and Paters (2010) have conducted a longitudinal study about their communication environment in childrens early educational performances. They want examine the characteristics of the environment in which children learn to communicate and extends which affect children readiness for school (language skills, reading, mathematics and social skills). They came up with three research questions. First is what extent is childs early language development associated with performance on assessments in schools. The second is what extent is the childs early communication environment associated with performance on the assessments. Third is what are the characteristics of the children early communication environment that contribute to the children language developments. They conducted the study on children who are in 24 months from 4941 boys and 4688 girls. The test conducted with questionnaires which complete by the mothers. The data collected about children academic performance from children schools. They found that from view of impact of children early language development on school entry, the language influenced mainly from social class or social background where children come from. The learning early language made an important contribution to the variation in childrens performance. Children understandings and use of vocabulary are very strongly associates with their performance. Besides that, from view of the impact of children communication environment, children who are early ownership of book, trips to library, get good attendance in school, parents teaching with activities and toys achieved higher scores on the assessment. Children also improve language from television program however, the increasing duration in time of watching television affect childs academic at school negatively. From the view of role of communication environment in the development of language skills, both childrens language skills communication environment are important for outcomes at start of primary schools. Communication environment helps to learn vocabulary, understanding of meaning of words and develop speech. Therefore, the role of language becomes clear within 24 months. Parents should make sure that children have better communication environment which help them to develop their language skills.

My Quality World

Typically when people think of their quality world they think of the perfect life; fun, friends, the dream family, dream Job, and the money to buy anything they desire. Of course ideally I want the finer things in life, but I would never want to be the type of person to be the type of person to take handouts. I aspire to be a strong, independent, intelligent woman with strong determination & whom is persistent to honestly earn everything I have. I am currently working towards an associates in counting, and later transfer to an university for a bachelors in business administration.Afterwards I will like to get my relaters license. I want to flip houses on the market, and use that money to invest into other business ventures. I feel like it is important to have a backup plan and a backup plan for my back up plan to ensure my business empire will be happen. However I don't want to do it all for Just myself. I want to be able to provide for my love ones; the ones who were selfless & love d me enough to take care of me when I couldn't provide for myself. My family means a lot to me and I want to be able to show them that.Home is where the heart is and my heart is with them. Although independence is a very important part of my quality world , I know I can't do it all on my own. I feel like any plan that doesn't have God In It is a plan to fail. I want to have a strong spiritual connection. I believe that this would help bring harmony and tranquility in my life. I want to give off good vibes and positive energy, and I want the people around me to share those same values. I want o be open minded enough to intake different knowledge from those who surround me.My quality world Involves comfort , but never to be content. Failure Is not an option , and neither is Just settling. The ultimate goal Is to be successful. When I look at being successful I don't Just see It from a materialistic aspect, but rather as being well rounded. Within my quality world I have peace of mind, wisdom, financial stability, happiness, and surround by the people I love and good vibes. I currently see myself as a diamond In a rough to make my quality world reality.

Why Children And Young People May Need To Be Looked After Away From Their Families

â€Å"There were over 91,000 looked after children in the UK in 2012. † (www. nspcc. org. uk) in this task I am going to describe why children and young people may need to be looked after away from their families. There are many reasons that children and young people may need to be looked after away from their home, one of those are the child’s or young person’s parents. This may be down to bereavement of the parents meaning that they have died, if the parents have died then the child or young person will go to the closest other family member unless there aren’t any in which case the child or young person would be looked after outside the family.Another reason children are being looked after away from their families is due to abuse. If the parents or guardians are abusing the child or young person in any way then they will be removed from the family home as it’s not safe for them, this comes under the children act (1998, 2004). â€Å"Over half of l ooked after children in England and Wales became looked after because of abuse or neglect in 2011/12. † (www. nspcc. org. uk) Some children or young people may go into temporary foster care due to parental illness, which is when the parent becomes dependant their self and are unable to look aft6er their child.For example if a single parent falls very ill then she/he would be unable to take proper care on their dependent child therefore they would go into a foster care setting where they would be looked after until the parent was again able to care for the child. The child or young person may be looked after away from the family if the parents feel they are incapable of taking care of them and have requested that they be adopted or in a foster family. One example of this is financial difficulty as the parents do not have enough money to care for the child and give it even a reasonable standard of life.Another example of this could be young parents that feel they are too young t hemselves to be able to take care of a child they may request that the child be taken into a more suitable family that will be able to take proper care of it. Also children or young people that have parents who have committed offences may need to be looked after if there is no other family as the parent could go to prison, depending on the offence the child may only be temporarily looked after in a foster family setting then would return to the family home when the parent is released.Although not all reasons that children need to be looked after outside of the family is due to the parents or guardians, some reasons may be due to the child or young person. One of these reasons is a child or young person with disabilities that have complex needs and are unable to be cared for at home as they do not have the right equipment or the money to get it.For example a child in a wheel chair may not be able to be cared for at home as the household they live in is not wheel chair friendly and th e family have not got the funding to move or renovate the house therefore the chid would be looked after outside the family. Another reason due to the child that they are being looked after outside the family is their behaviour. If a child or young person has behavioural problems they may become too much for the parent to handle and need to be looked after outside of the family. An example of this could be a child or young person who is harming he’s/hers family

The Role Of Leadership Style On Ethical Decision Making

Leadership is one of the most observed and the least understood phenomena on earth. Indeed, there are untold volumes on leadership. Why, then bother to write still another book about it? It is necessary because ours is a business-dominated society. There are business chronicles, stories of great corporations and their achievements, and other vehicles of self-justification. There are descriptions of ends attained, of outcomes. There are news reports of spectacular executive successes. However, it is hard to find specific documentation of the characteristic behavior of business leaders. Nor is it easy to define what a business leader is. The business world is an arena for achievers. Some are great financial manipulators. Some are spectacular marketers. Some are technical innovators and some build and rebuild communities. Are they leaders? They are executives, perhaps, but not always leaders. This writing will describe corporate leaders and corporate culture as it relates in today’s society. It will analyze the influence of leadership style on ethical decision-making. To discuss and understand leadership style, we have several options. One is to classify it, as do most research studies on leadership. We can do that by using labels, autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, and others. There are characterizations such as the craftsman, the jungle fighter, the company man, and the gamesman. We also can place leadership style on axes:Show MoreRelatedStrategy And Company Ethics For Success904 Words   |  4 Pagesethics in the plan will help the company succeed in the strategic decisions. This paper will discuss the leader’s role in the business strategy decision-making, assess management style that will be efficient in the business plan and ethical decision-making to attain competitive lead. Also, strategic decision-making verse cross-culture virtual businesses will examine the differences. Leader’s Role in the Business Strategy Decisions The leader should be the facilitator in the vision drivenRead MoreQualities Traits And Styles Of Leadership1364 Words   |  6 PagesEssay # 2 Qualities, Traits and Styles of Leadership - Research and evaluate a theory of leadership and the role of one or more ethical leaders in creating and maintaining an ethical business organization. Leaders and their chosen styles of leadership are all different. In an early study of identifying the different styles, Kurt Lewin ,who led a group of researchers in 1939, performed the first major study of leadership styles. This early study has remained quite influential as it establishedRead MoreLeadership As A Global Organization1335 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolved. A quick study of all successful global organizations reveals the many aspects making the organization competitive, only one element stands out; Leadership. Effective leadership points their employees toward the vision and mission of the organization. Moreover, leadership is where solid relationships are created and the interactions with employees positively activate motivation. The leaderships’ positive interaction with their employees, develops a relationship built on trust which producesRead MoreLeadership Style Of Leadership Styles897 Words   |  4 PagesThe last style of leadership is delegative leader ship in which the leader delegates tasks to the employees. This leader is able to derive satisfaction from allowing the staff to participate in decision making responsibilities (Brody and Nair, 2014, p. 4). These leadership styles are not set in stone and characteristics may overlap into other leaderships styles. The leadership style that would best suit a rural area is participate leadership style. In rural areas agencies and organizations lack resourceRead MoreThe Culture Of Bangladesh And Canada1497 Words   |  6 PagesThis report presents a literature review on business etiquette, cultural dimensions, leadership styles, communication channels, decision-making process and managing teams and value system followed in the two different nations where different cultures are followed (Kittler, et. al., 2011). This assignment discusses the different business culture present in Bangladesh and Canada. This assignment covers the similarities and differences which exist between two differ ent cultures followed in BangladeshRead MoreQualities Of An Effective Leader1211 Words   |  5 PagesAlso, the different strategies effective leaders use to ensure a positive outcome. Next, this paper will highlight the leadership qualities that hinders the learning process among the workers. 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These steps include consideration for the nursing code of ethical conduct, state and federal health laws, and an awareness of personal morals/values. A conceptual framework should guide decisions and incorporate all of these elements. FurthermoreRead MorePersonal Leadership : An Effective Leadership Style1644 Words   |  7 PagesPERSONAL LEADERSHIP PORTRAIT Developing an effective leadership style requires one to become aware of their strengths and weakness when operating in the role of a servant leader. Identifying personal preference can assist with better aligning expectations and goals that one would like to see demonstrated in those they lead. Taking on the role as a servant leader requires patience, understanding, and most importantly compassion for others. As a servant leader he or she should always consider

News Media And Voting Preferences Essay - 1391 Words

Introduction The news media plays an important role in society. It sets the stage for political news, manages sources, and controls the information. It functions as a window to the outside world, and possesses the ability to shape public knowledge, attitudes, and voting behavior. The relationship between news media and voting preferences has become a hot topic in recent years worldwide. This paper will focus on the social and social-psychological aspects of media influence on the voting preferences of the United Kingdom citizens. In general, news media may change the social setting in which people decide whether to vote or not, and, as a consequence, the process of voting itself. By conducting the research I would like to understand to what extent news media may influence voting preferences in the United Kingdom. The duration of research is one year, that is why longitudinal studies will not be used, but I will concentrate on comparative experimental field studies. The main objective s of the present study are: first of all, to identify and explore voting preferences concerning the General Election across the United Kingdom; second, to identify what types of news media people follow in the UK; third, to examine whether and why consumption patterns of news media correspond to voting preferences. Theoretical Background Academic research has consistently found that news media plays the important role in creating an informed electorate. Existing research proves thisShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Memory on Voting Behaviors809 Words   |  3 PagesThe Impact of Memory on Voting Behaviors In The Determinants and Consequences of Recall Error about Gulf War Preferences, Mark Joslyn examines the effects of outside influences on the opinions of voters. Specifically, Joslyn explores errors in autobiographical memories of opinions of the governments involvement in the Gulf War and studies the change of opinions of individuals pre and post war. 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These different steps explain how democracy works as a sociological phenomenon; the public affects how public policies are created, and public policies affect the publics mind. Citizens’ preferences in American Democracy are thought of as the majority’s common preferences. This is usually represented through opinion polls and media. However, Perrin asks us the simple questionRead MoreExplanation Analysis And Video Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pages 1912 has positioned itself as the liberal party on domestic issues. The economic philosophy of Franklin D. Roosevelt, which has strongly influenced modern American liberalism, has shaped much of the party s agenda since 1932. Roosevelt s New Deal coalition controlled the White House until 1968 with the exception of Eisenhower 1953-1961. Democrats have generally been center-left and support social justice, social progressivism, a mixed economy, and the welfare state. In 2004, it wasRead MoreGovernment Essay - Elections1339 Words   |  6 Pagesone would think. Yes, people sometimes vote blindly along party lines, but there is a whole host of variables that can influence a voters decision, and, largely, the outcome of an entire election. Such variables include the issues at hand, party preferences, polling results and the medias coverage. While these criteria are ever-important influences in any election, there are a select few races in which they became more important than ever. Three elections in particular come to mind Ââ€" the electionsRead MoreTwo Party Preferred System in Australian Politics925 Words   |  4 Pagesof the two main political parties continually compete for the populist vote. This environment is dominated by the media portrayal of our political parties and as a result of this, policies for the long term interests of the country have become secondary to short term wins (Marsh, 2010). In his article Marsh (2010) suggests that the Australian political system could benefit from new infrastructure by replacing senate with committees of the legislature rather than the executive which could resultRead MoreThe American National Government Is A Influential Political System1622 Words   |  7 Pageslaw.† (Executive Branch, 2016) The Obama administration issued a letter of guidance to allow transgender access to restrooms but Texas Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick instructed the Texas schools not to obey the transgender bathroom decree. In his news conference Dan Patrick stated, This will be the end of public education, if this prevails, Patrick said. People will pull their kids out, homeschooling will explode, and private schools will increase. 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Week 3 Quiz World Cultures 2 Essay - 1575 Words

User | Allis Faye Luster | Course | World Cultures II | Test | Week 3 Quiz | Started | 7/17/13 9:53 PM | Submitted | 7/18/13 1:32 AM | Status | Completed | Attempt Score | 72 out of 80 points | Time Elapsed | 3 hours, 39 minutes out of 4 hours and 30 minutes. | Instructions | | Question 1 2 out of 2 points | Why did Gabrieli organize his compositions around a single note-the tonic note? Answer | | Selected Answer: | To heighten the sense of harmonic drama | Correct Answer: | To heighten the sense of harmonic drama | | | Question 2 2 out of 2 points | Why did the Baroque artists place†¦show more content†¦Answer | | Selected Answer: | To symbolize worldly wealth, vanity, and mortality | Correct Answer: | To symbolize worldly wealth, vanity, and mortality | | | Question 15 2 out of 2 points | According to Francis Bacon, what were the greatest obstacles to human understanding? Answer | | Selected Answer: | Superstition and religion | Correct Answer: | Superstition and religion | | | Question 16 2 out of 2 points | Why were the Catholic and the Protestant Churches opposed to Keplers and Galileos heliocentric theory? Answer | | Selected Answer: | For contradicting certain biblical passages | Correct Answer: | For contradicting certain biblical passages | | | Question 17 2 out of 2 points | In The Little Street why does Vermeer include a half-whitewashed wall and a mortar-filled cracked faà §ade? Answer | | Selected Answer: | To show the tensions of domestic life | Correct Answer: | To show the tensions of domestic life | | | Question 18 2 out of 2Show MoreRelatedYolo1583 Words   |  7 PagesSciences San Beda College COURSESYLLABUS First Semester, AY2014-2015 San Beda College, a Catholic educational institution, is committed to the Christian formation of the Bedan Community as its service to the Church, the Philippine society, and the world. Vision : San Beda College envisions a community that is Fully Human, Wholly Christian, Truly Filipino, and Globally Competitive. Mission : San Beda College aims to form its members in Faith, Knowledge, and Virtue Core Values : Inculcate in the studentsRead MoreEssay on ART 305 Syllabus 1 2559 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿ART 305: ART MASS CULTURE Class Syllabus Professor Eve Wood Fall 2014 Office hours: Thu 3PM by appt. Office: Sagebrush 224 Office phone: (818) 677-6454 - no messages E-mail: wood_eve@csun.edu Meeting time: ONLINE COURSE DESCRIPTION: Prerequisite: Completion of the lower division writing requirement. An introduction for the non-art major to the relationships between art and mass culture. Illustrated lectures explore the development, techniques, and ideas underlying theRead MoreEssay about Eth/125 Week 4 Quiz 21445 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Quiz 2 Week 4 Quiz - Ch. 5 Schaefer (2012) This is a multiple choice/short answer quiz and each item is worth 1.5 points for a total of 60 points. There is only one correct response for each numbered item, and you should use Schaefer (2012) to determine the best response. For multiple choice questions, type the letter of the correct answer next to the corresponding question number on the answer sheet. For short answer responses, type your answer next to theRead MoreUsing Sei Strategies in a Siop Lesson Plan Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pagesutilizes one of the â€Å"best practices,† in instructing ELL’s in the classroom according to Chamot. â€Å"Effective bilingual and ESL teachers utilize instructional practices that value and draw from students native language(s) and culture(s).† (Chamot, 1993). They can explain their culture to the class in a fun interactive way that allows them to be who they are and where they are from, and allows the class to better understand them. Another good practice for the lesson is modeling. Through modeling whatRead Moreapollo 500851 Words   |  4 Pagesand belief systems that they will encounter in today’s culture. Upon completion, the student will have a basic understanding of world religions, as well as the knowledge to effectively communicate the gospel with people of other faiths. Rationale Scripture tells us, â€Å"But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts, and always be ready to give a defense to everyone who asks you a reason for the hope that is in you, with meekness and fear† 1 Peter 3:15 (NKJV). Through this course, you will be equippedRead MoreWeek 5 Quiz Humanities Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesCourse | World Cultures I | Test | Week 5 Quiz | Started | 8/14/12 10:01 PM | Submitted | 8/15/12 12:53 AM | Status | Completed | Score | 62 out of 80 points    | Time Elapsed | 2 hours, 52 minutes out of 3 hours. | Instructions | This quiz consist of 40 multiple choice questions. The first 10 questions  cover the material in  Chapter 4. The second 10 questions cover the material in Chapter 5. The third 10 questions cover the material in Chapter 6. The last 10 questions cover theRead MoreBshs 4022574 Words   |  11 Pages------------------------------------------------- Course Syllabus BSHS/402 CASE MANAGEMENT Course Start Date: 10/30/2012 Course End Date: 12/3/2012          Please print a copy of this syllabus for handy reference. Whenever there is a question about what assignments are due, please remember this syllabus is considered the ruling document. Copyright Copyright  ©2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. University of Phoenix © is a registered trademark of Apollo GroupRead MoreDeveloping a Mentor Program for Nurses1454 Words   |  6 PagesJ Nurses Staff Dev. 2010 Jul-Aug;26(4):E12-7. Can Oper Room Nurs J. 2009 Jun;27(2):6-7, 14-5, 28-30. Mentoring new nurses in stressful times. Young LE. The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario. Clin Nurse Spec. 2009 Mar-Apr;23(2):61-7. Perceptions within a mentorship program. Wolak E, McCann M, Queen S, J Nurses Staff Dev. 2008 Sep-Oct;24(5):203-11; quiz 212-3. The development of expert performance in nursing. Haag-Heitman B. Clinical Practice and Standards, Extendicare Health ServicesRead MoreHuman Behavior in Organizations3648 Words   |  15 PagesISBN 0-13-609019-2 or 978-0-13-609019-9 See the last page of the syllabus for how you can purchase the text as an ebook. Course Objectives Upon completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. To develop an understanding of management functions and principles 2. To develop an understanding of basic behavioral theory and its application to contemporary organizations 3. To illustrate an understanding of basic behavioral techniques and their use in the world of managementRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racism1018 Words   |  5 Pagessmelling like curry, or mocking us with our thick accents. Stereotypes have always been around, they have been used to make some funny jokes, but others have used it personally and criticize people with it. That is why racism is a big problem in this world with people using stereotypes to verbally attack people, thinking those things are true for every race and not getting to know people before judging them. My friends always turn to these jokes when they want to make fun of me but, I never take it personal

Disruptive technology a heartbeat away free essay sample

Ecton is going to position the company to be acquired but the board of directors and clinical advisors has some concerns about the ramifications of that plan. This paper evaluates Cannon’s Phase III Plan on March 1998. Cannon proposed a path for the next year containing five major points (Edward, 1999, 8 and 9). The bottom line of this proposal is positioning Ecton to be acquired by the end of the 1998. One of the crucial concerns of this acquisition is the possible effects on â€Å"Ecton’s product development process†. Another concern Cannon holds is the ability of Ecton to penetrate a very harsh market fills with big, established, and advanced manufacturers. Also, Cannon is not sure on how to approach specific market segments, such as ICUs in hospitals. Moreover, the absence of marking, sales, and production departments adds a burden on Ecton when it comes to negotiate its acquisition. All of these concerns and more will be discussed in the next few pages. We will write a custom essay sample on Disruptive technology a heartbeat away or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Acquisition: Pros The idea of being acquired has pros and cons. Starting from the pros first will help to understand some reasons behind this particular decision. The first advantage for Ecton to be acquired is the great chance to survive and to be away from a very tough-to-penetrate market. To have a clear picture for the market situation in 1996, the market share for Hewlett Packard exceeds 60% of the major cardiac ultrasound manufacturing, which equals to $ 470. 4 million. Furthermore, Ecton will be having an ultimate chance to overcome barriers to entry in Echocardiography. In other word, after acquisition, Ecton’s product is expected to be presented in conferences and seminars hold by prestigious cardiac institutes and organizations, such as American Heart Association. That is because the presence of the giant major cardiac ultrasound manufacturing names which is associated with the respected cardiac institutes and organizations. In this way, the need to breakdown the cardiologists’ lobby with the echocardiography manufacturers will not be a burden for Ecton for marketing its product. Ecton imaging system will have the advantage of having the needed networks to introduce and market its product. An important point to know is how favorable the echocardiography market is by analyzing the five competitive forces (see exhibit 1). The echocardiography market is highly competitive market; thus, having the chance to enter this market via a big name will be a strategic step to do by a start-up company like Ecton Inc. In addition to Cannon, the board of directors and the clinical advisors do not seem to have the potential to establish the marketing, sales, and production departments even though it is in their contingency plan. They are very busy working on their scientific elements of Ecton imaging system. Therefore, the acquisition will save the efforts of those genius scientists to focus on Ecton’s continues improvement, especially in such growing market. Moreover, the financial structure of Ecton Inc. was set by Cannon as if Ecton will be acquired by the end of the next year. The estimated cumulative global market for Ecton imaging system for four years starting from 1999 is $760 million (20,000 expected units to be sold globally in four years * $38,000 per/unit). This estimate by Ecton Inc.  did not take in account the cost of the marketing and other logistics for the product, which will be taken care of by the acquirer supposedly. One important component that may boost Ecton imaging product after acquisition is the benefits of the current competitors regardless who will take this acquisition. For example, the superior image quality of Acuson ultrasound instrument, the sophisticated edge detection algorithms of Hewlett Packard, and the Doppler innovation of both Acuson and ATL (see exhibit 2). Ecton’s machine has the advantage of being mobile, compact, and cheap comparing with the market prices. Therefore, combining the strengths of the Ecton’s imaging system together with one of those dominant manufacturers is expected to produce more novel instruments. Although Ecton Inc. could obtain 0. 5 million in the first year, 1996, and another 1. 5 million the year after, the necessary funds for Ecton Inc. in 1998 have not met yet. That is because VC firms are not attracted to the medical imaging industry even though industry’s experts are expecting a high growth rate (mainly because ultrasound instruments provide less expensive diagnosis tool than MRA machines and other imaging diagnostic tools). This situation puts more pressure on the company’s growth plan. The acquisition is one of the best ways to survive in this market, especially with a start-up company like Ecton Inc. Moreover, in case if the seven trail tests succeeded in spring 1998, the lack of required funds is expected to cause a delay of delivery for the next year orders. Cannon proposes a contingency plane that contains establishing independent marketing and production units; however, there is still a high risk regarding the time frame of the production process. Acquisition will provide a good penetration for Ecton Inc.by expanding its market to enter the most difficult ones, hospitals. That is because hospitals are heading to consolidation. Since Ecton team has only one product, this will not satisfy hospitals which prefer to have all of their equipment from one vendor. Acquisition: Cons Ecton team has potential alternative markets, such as the privet practice, primary care physician angles, and international market. Being acquired will decrease Ecton chance to obtain a decent global market share. For instant, expected global market share for Ecton Inc.  after four years is 9% (see exhibit 3 and exhibit 4), which is the same market share of the second largest ultrasound manufacturers currently. The first concern of Ecton’s board of directors and clinical advisors is the impact on their activities when acquired, specifically, the â€Å"product development process†. Cannon and his team left their previous company, Interspect, because of its way to handle their product development process. In other words, Ecton team wants to focus on its product instead of solving products’ problem or rescuing other project. Thus, Cannon and his partners will work in more freedom environment if they keep their company away from acquisition. Action Plan If Ecton machine passes the tests, Cannon should actively approach the big manufacturers, HP, Acuston or ATL. In this way, Ecton team will be focusing on developing their product and start working on a new product in parallel. The acquired company then will launch the production line for Ecton imaging system which expected not to take long time (because they share the same domain, ultrasound instrument knowledge). Since the future is for the contrast echocardiography, Ecton team may start research in this specific field. Ecton’s board of directors and clinical advisors may express their conditional approval of any acquisition based on the team core objective, which is their special product development process. Moreover, targeting global market, specifically, developing countries may help the established company, or acquirer, to justify the new competitive low price of the Ecton machine, $38,000.